verb 'doing word'
Verb
Helping Verb Main Verb
Modals Main verb
verbs
ds vUrxZr ge mu
dks i<+rs gSa tks okD; ds
eq[; fØ;k ds LFkku ij vkrs gSaA
tks Main verb (Be, Do, Have)
Can, Could, May, etc.
dk dk;Z ugha
dj ldrs gSaAVerb
,oa nksuksa dk dk;Z
dj ldrs gSaA
tSls%
uksV% e used
Need Dare
to (Marginal
Auxiliary Verbs)
modal main verb
Need, dar ,oa
,oa
Used to modal ,oa adjective nksuksa dk dk; Z dj ldrk gAS
tks Helping verb ,oa
nksuksa dk dk;Z dj ldrs gSaA
Main
verb
Primary Auxiliary Verbs
AUXILIARY VERBS: verbs verbs Auxiliary verbs
helping verbs
1. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Will, Would, Should,
Must, Ought to Modal Auxiliary Verbs helping verb
1. (a) She
Modal
can
M.V.
run fast.
(b) You
Modal
should
M.V.
study English.
2. MARGINAL AUXILIARY VERBS : Used to, need, dare Marginal Auxiliary Verbs
Modals Main Verb (need dare) adjective (used to)
1 VERB (BASIC)
CHAPTER
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 2 Plinth to Paramount
1. I
H.V.
am
Adjective
used to
Gerund
sleeping late at night.
2. (a) I
M.V.
need you.
(b) You
H.V.
need not
Direct infinitive
come tomorrow.
3. (a) She does not
M.V.
dare
Infinitive
to come home late.
(b) I
H.V.
dare not
Direct infinitive
enter his room without permission.
AUXILIARY VERBS
Rule (1): Modal Auxiliary Verbs Main Verbs Helping
Verbs
I
H.V.
can
M.V
lift this box
He
H.V.
should
M.V
work hard.
Rule (2): Modal Auxiliary verbs V1, V2, V3, ing-form s/es-form
Numbers persons Subjects
(form)
She can
V1
help you.
You should
V1
understand you friends.
Rule (3): Ought Used Infinitive ‘to + V1’
We ought
to + V1
to respect our parents.
He used
to + V1
to come late.
USE OF MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
CAN COULD
Rule (1): Can power ability capacity
Could Past ability/ power/ capacity
1. He can lift the box.
2. I could not come yesterday.
Rule (2): Can permission
1. You can go now.
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 3
Rule (3): Can theoretical possibility
Everyone can make a mistake.
Rule (4): Could remote possibility
There could be a bomb under your seat.
Rule (5): Can Could
1. Can I take your scooter?
2. Could I talk to Mr. Shukla?
Note: 'able to' 'can/could'
I cannot be able to come tomorrow. (×)
superfluous 'superfluous' 'more than
what is needed'.
formation
I cannot come tomorrow. ()
I will not be able to come tomorrow. ()
MAY, MIGHT ,oa MUST
Rule (1): May
It may rain tonight.
Rule (2): May optative sentence
May you live long !
Rule (3): Principal clause Present Tense subordinate clause that/so that/
in order that purpose subordinate clause
may
We eat so that we may live.
Rule (4): Might less possibility
may more possibility
He might pass the exam but seeing his intelligence, I do not have much hope.
Rule (5): Must
He stays in five-star hotels and travels by flight. He must be very rich.
Rule (6): 'May'
May I come in sir?
May Might 'Possibly' 'likely'
We may possibly come tomorrow. (×) (Superfluous)
We may come tomorrow. ()
We will possibly come tomorrow. ()
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 4 Plinth to Paramount
SHALL ,oa WILL
Rule (1): Shall first person Subjects I/We future
subjects 'will'
I shall go to college tomorrow and he will come with me.
Modern English 'I' 'we' 'will'
interrogative sentence 'I' 'we' 'shall'
Will I go? (×)
Shall I go? ()
Shall second person Subject – you third person Subjects – He,
she, it, they, command promise threat
determination compulsion Advice
will I We
(a) Command
You shall leave the room at once.
(b) Promise
You shall be awarded.
I will help you come what may.
(c) Threat
Trespassers shall be prosecuted.
I will punish you.
(d) Determination
I will work hard and score good marks.
(e) Compulsion
You shall be here for the meeting.
I will have to finish this work.
Rule (2): Let us/ let’s Imperative sentences question tags 'shall'
Let us dance together, shall we ?
Rule (3): Shall suggestions Interrogative sentence
first person subjects
Shall we talk to the management?
'Shall' 'will'
1. past
He hoped that he will would pass the test.
past 'Will/ shall' 'would/ should'
'will/shall' Modal verb
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 5
He said that he is was coming.
2.
Simple Present Tense simple future tense English
Translation simple future
If I will come, I will meet you. (×)
If I come, I will meet you. ()
simple future tense simple
present tense
If, as soon as, in case, provided, unless, until, before, after, when. (Conditional
Sentence Chapter
WOULD
Rule (1): Would Past habit
I would go to school by bus.
Rule (2): 'Would' 'preference' 'choice'
'rather'
He would rather die than beg.
Rule (3): Past Past 'Will' Past Tense
'Would'
He hoped that he will would pass.
Rule (4): 'Would', 'used to' 'Simple Past tense' Routine Action
I
used to + V1
used to go to school by bus. I
would + V1
would return on foot. We
V2
played for hours before
returning home.
Rule (5): Would Present Past principal clause
If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.
subjects were
I wish, I were a bird.
'was'
I wish, as though, if, as if, would that suppose.
Rule (6):'Would' 'will' Past form Indirect speech
He said, “He will go there.” (Direct)
He said that he would go there. (Indirect)
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 6 Plinth to Paramount
Rule (7): Would Polite request
Would you help me ?
Rule (8): Would Probability
He would be sleeping.
Rule (9): Would wish
I wish, India would become a developed country soon.
Rule (10):'Would like to' wish
I would like to talk to the manager
SHOULD
Rule (1): Should suggestion (
You should study English.
Rule (2): 'Should' 'advice'
You should not laugh at his mistakes.
Rule (3): Should lest negative purpose
He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
lest Simple present tense
Take care lest you fall.
OUGHT TO
Rule (1): Ought to moral obligation duty
We ought to love our country.
MUST
Rule (1): Must compulsion
Candidates must write in ink.
Rule (2): Must fixed determination
India must win the world cup.
Rule (3): Must duty
A soldier must fight for his country.
USED TO
Used to Past habit/situation
He used to study till 10 PM.
(ii) 'Use to' or 'uses to' Present routine action
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 7
Present routine action Simple Present Tense
He uses to study till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. (×)
He studies till 10 p.m and then goes to bed. ()
(i) Used to affirmative, negative Interrogative sentences
(a) Affirmative
He used to come here.
(b) Negative
He used not to come here.
He did not use to come here.
(c) Interrogative
Used he to come here?
Did he use to come here?
'Verb + used to' 'V1 + ing' 'habitual action'
I am used to
V1+ing
getting up late in the morning.
Verbs/adjective/phrase 'to' to V1
'V1 + ing'
Be used to, accustomed to, averse to, with a view to, addicted to, devoted to, in
addition to, look forward to, object to, owing to, given to, taken to, prone to.
1. He is addicted to smoking.
2. I am looking forward to meeting you.
3. He was used to driving on the right when he was in London.
DARE,oa NEED
'Dare' 'Need'
Dare Need Main Verb modal
(1) He
M. V
needs me.
(2) She does not
M. V
dare to go there.
(3) You
Modal
need not come tomorrow.
Need Dare modal +ve
(1)
Sub.
I modal
need
V1
help
Obj.
him . (×)
(2) I
M . V
need
Infinitive
to help him. ()
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 8 Plinth to Paramount
'dare' 'need' +ve 'to + V1'
(1) He needs to work hard.
(2) He will not dare to come here.
need dare helping verb -ve need dare
'to'
(1) I need not come tomorrow.
(2) He dare not cheat anyone again.
Modals
M odals Use Example
Can Friendly request Can I take your bike?
Could Formal request Could I talk to Mr. Singh?
May Request with respect May I come in Sir?
Would Polite Request Would you help me?
Voice Modals formulae
M ODALS ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Indefinite Sub+modal+V1+obj. Obj + modal + be + V3 + by + sub.
Continuous Sub + modal + be + V1 + ing + obj. ×××××
Perfect Sub + modal + have + V3 + obj. Obj + modal + have + been + V3 + by + sub.
Perfect Continuous Sub + modal + have + been + V1
+ ing + obj + for / since + time. ×××××
formulae Modal verb 'V1' form
Modals 'Perfect' formula
Sub + modal + have +V3 + obj
Modal + have + V3 should have come, could have
gone, need not have seen
(1) I could score good marks. (Meaning-I had the ability)
(2) I could have scored good marks. (Hidden meaning -I didn’t score though I had the
ability)
(3) You should work hard. (Just a suggestion)
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 9
(4) You should have worked hard. (Hidden Meaning - You didn't)
PRIMARY AUXILIARY VERBS: Do, Have, Be Primary Auxiliary Verbs verbs
Main Verb Helping Verb
1. Do forms
V1
Do/ D oes
V2
Did
V3
Done
(a) I
M.V.
do my work.
(b) I
H.V.
did not
M.V .
know him.
2. Have forms
V1
Has/ have
V2
Had
V3
Had
(i) Have possession
I
M.V.
have a car.
(ii) Have 'helping verb' Perfect Perfect continuous tense
(a) I
H.V.
have not
M.V .
seen him.
(b) I had
H .V .
been
M.V.
waiting for him for a long time.
(ii) Have + infinitive forced action
(a) I have to work hard.
(b) She had to leave her job.
3. Be forms
V1
Be, is, am, are
V2
was, were
V3
been
H.V. M. V.
(a) I
M.V
am a doctor
(b) He
H.V
was
M . V
working hard.
(b) He
H . V
has
M.V
been to London.
MAIN VERB
I. MAIN VERBS: Verbs Sentence Main verbs V1, V2,
V3, ing-form, s/es-form Main verb
I
V1
know you.
I
V2
knew you.
I have
V3
known you for two years.
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 10 Plinth to Paramount
'Main verb' tense forms
FORMS OF VERB
1. Present (1st form) 2. Past (2nd form)
3. Past Participle (3rd form) 4. Present Participle (-ing form)
GROUP - I
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) (3rd Form)
Arise arose arisen arising arises
Awake awoke awaken awaking awakes
Be was, were been being is/was
Bear bore born bearing bears
Bear bore borne bearing bears
Become became become becoming becomes
Begin began begun beginning begins
Bite bit bitten biting bites
Blow blew blown blowing blows
Bind bound bound binding binds
Bid bade bidden bidding bids
Break broke broken breaking breaks
Choose chose chosen choosing chooses
Cling clung clung clinging clings
Come came come coming comes
Dig dug dug digging digs
Do did done doing does
Draw drew drawn drawing draws
Drink drank drunk drinking drinks
Drive drove driven driving drives
Eat ate eaten eating eats
Fall fell fallen falling falls
Find found found finding finds
Fly flew flown flying flies
Forbid forbade forbidden forbidding forbids
Forget forgot forgotten forgetting forgets
Freeze froze frozen freezing freezes
Get got got getting gets
Give gave given giving gives
Grind ground ground grinding grinds
Grow grew grown growing grows
Hang hung hung hanging hangs
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 11
Hide hid hidden hiding hides
Hold held held holding holds
Know knew known knowing knows
Lie lay lain lying lies
Ride rode ridden riding rides
Ring rang rung ringing rings
Rise rose risen rising rises
See saw seen seeing sees
Shake shook shaken shaking shakes
Shine shone shone shining shines
Shoot shot shot shooting shoots
Shrink shrank shrunk shrinking shrinks
Sing sang sung singing sings
Sink sank sunk sinking sinks
Sit sat sat sitting sits
Slay slew slain slaying slays
Speak spoke spoken speaking speaks
Spit spat spat spitting spits
Stand stood stood standing stands
Steal stole stolen stealing steals
Stick stuck stuck sticking sticks
Strike struck struck striking strikes
Swear swore sworn swearing swears
Swim swam swum swimming swims
Swing swung swung swinging swings
Take took taken taking takes
Tear tore torn tearing tears
Wear wore worn wearing wears
Weave wove woven weaving weaves
Win won won winning wins
Wind wound wound winding winds
Write wrote written writing writes
Wring wrung wrung wringing wrings
GROUP – II
Verbs 2nd form 3rd form 1st form ed, en t
2nd 3rd form
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) 3rd Form)
Abuse abused abused abusing abuses
Act acted acted acting acts
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 12 Plinth to Paramount
Add added added adding adds
Admire admired admired admiring admires
Advise advised advised advising advises
Allow allowed allowed allowing allows
Answer answered answered answering answers
Appoint appointed appointed appointing appoints
Appear appeared appeared appearing appears
Arrive arrived arrived arriving arrives
Arrest arrested arrested arresting arrests
Ask asked asked asking asks
Attack attacked attacked attacking attacks
Bark barked barked barking barks
Bathe bathed bathed bathing bathes
Beg begged begged begging begs
Believe believed believed believing believes
Behave behaved behaved behaving behaves
Bleed bled bled bleeding bleeds
Bless blessed blessed blessing blesses
Break broke broken breaking breaks
Bring brought brought bringing brings
Boil boiled boiled boiling boils
Boast boasted boasted boasting boasts
Borrow borrowed borrowed borrowing borrows
Build built built building builds
Burn burnt burnt burning burns
Buy bought bought buying buys
Call called called calling calls
Carry carried carried carrying carries
Catch caught caught catching catches
Clean cleaned cleaned cleaning cleans
Close closed closed closing closes
Change changed changed changing changes
Check checked checked checking checks
Climb climbed climbed climbing climbs
Clap clapped clapped clapping claps
Copy copied copied copying copies
Collect collected collected collecting collects
Complain complained complained complaining complains
Cook cooked cooked cooking cooks
Count counted counted counting counts
Confuse confused confused confusing confuses
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 13
Consult consulted consulted consulting consults
Cover covered covered covering covers
Crow crowed crowed crowing crows
Cross crossed crossed crossing crosses
Creep crept crept creeping creeps
Cry cried cried crying cries
Decorate decorated decorated decorating decorates
Dance danced danced dancing dances
Deceive deceived deceived deceiving deceives
Defeat defeated defeated defeating defeats
Decide decided decided deciding decides
Desire desired desired desiring desires
Discover discovered discovered discovering discovers
Dip dipped dipped dipping dips
Die died died dying dies
Divide divided divided dividing divides
Dream dreamed dreamed dreaming dreams
Dry dried dried drying dries
Drown drowned drowned drowning drowns
Dye dyed dyed dyeing dyes
Earn earned earned earning earns
Enter entered entered entering enters
Employ employed employed employing employs
Explain explained explained explaining explains
Face faced faced facing faces
Fail failed failed failing fails
Fear feared feared fearing fears
Feed fed fed feeding feeds
Feel felt felt feeling feels
Fell felled felled felling fells
Flee fled fled fleeing flees
Fight fought fought fighting fights
Finish finished finished finishing finishes
Fine fined fined fining fines
Float floated floated floating floats
Graze grazed grazed grazing grazes
Gather gathered gathered gathering gathers
Have had had having has
Hate hated hated hating hates
Hang hanged hanged hanging hangs
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 14 Plinth to Paramount
Hear heard heard hearing hears
Help helped helped helping helps
Improve improved improved improving improves
Invite invited invited inviting invites
Join joined joined joining joins
Jump jumped jumped jumping jumps
Keep kept kept keeping keeps
Kill killed killed killing kills
Knit knitted knitted knitting knits
Kneel knelt knelt kneeling kneels
Lay laid laid laying lays
Lie lied lied lying lies
Laugh laughed laughed laughing laughs
Learn learned learned learning learns
Leave left left leaving leaves
Lend lent lent lending lends
Lose lost lost losing loses
Like liked liked liking likes
Listen listened listened listening listens
Look looked looked looking looks
Live lived lived living lives
Love loved loved loving loves
Lead led led leading leads
Marry married married marrying marries
Make made made making makes
Mean meant meant meaning means
Meet met met meeting meets
Move moved moved moving moves
Melt melted melted melting melts
Mend mended mended mending mends
Mix mixed mixed mixing mixes
Name named named naming names
Need needed needed needing needs
Nip nipped nipped nipping nips
Obey obeyed obeyed obeying obeys
Open opened opened opening opens
Order ordered ordered ordering orders
Oppose opposed opposed opposing opposes
Pay paid paid paying pays
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 15
Play played played playing plays
Pray prayed prayed praying prays
Praise praised praised praising praises
Preach preached preached preaching preaches
Peep peeped peeped peeping peeps
Plant planted planted planting plants
Pluck plucked plucked plucking plucks
Prepare prepared prepared preparing prepares
Pull pulled pulled pulling pulls
Prevent prevented prevented preventing prevents
Punish punished punished punishing punishes
Prove proved proved proving proves
Promise promised promised promising promises
Push pushed pushed pushing pushes
Plough ploughed ploughed ploughing ploughs
Quarrel quarrelled quarrelled quarrelling quarrels
Rain rained rained raining rains
Reply replied replied replying replies
Reach reached reached reaching reaches
Receive received received receiving receives
Refuse refused refused refusing refuses
Rest rested rested resting rests
Resign resigned resigned resigning resigns
Repair repaired repaired repairing repairs
Remember remembered remembered remembering remembers
Return returned returned returning returns
Roar roared roared roaring roars
Say said said saying says
Seek sought sought seeking seeks
Sell sold sold selling sells
Save saved saved saving saves
Saw sawed sawed sawing saws
Send sent sent sending sends
Select selected selected selecting selects
Sleep slept slept sleeping sleeps
Stand stood stood standing stands
Stay stayed stayed staying stays
Spend spent spent spending spends
Stop stopped stopped stopping stops
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 16 Plinth to Paramount
Sweep swept swept sweeping sweeps
Study studied studied studying studies
Slip slipped slipped slipping slips
Talk talked talked talking talks
Tell told told telling tells
Teach taught taught teaching teaches
Think thought thought thinking thinks
Ti e tied tied tying ties
Touch touched touched touching touches
Try tried tried trying tries
Trust trusted trusted trusting trusts
Use used used using uses
Understand understood understood understanding understands
Walk walked walked walking walks
Wash washed washed washing washes
Wait waited waited waiting waits
Weep wept wept weeping weeps
Work worked worked working works
Watch watched watched watching watches
Wish wished wished wishing wishes
Wander wandered wandered wandering wanders
Waste wasted wasted wasting wastes
Wed wedded wedded wedding weds
Wound wounded wounded wounding wounds
Worship worshipped worshipped worshipping worships
Wonder wondered wondered wondering wonders
Wrap wrapped wrapped wrapping wraps
Yield yielded yielded yielding yields
GROUP – III
Verbs forms
Present Past P. Participle – ing Form s/es Form
(1st Form) (2nd Form) (3rd Form)
Bid bid bid bidding bids
Bet bet bet betting bets
Burst burst burst bursting bursts
Cast cast cast casting casts
Cost cost cost costing costs
Cut cut cut cutting cuts
Hurt hurt hurt hurting hurts
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 17
Let let let letting lets
Put put put putting puts
Read * read read reading reads
Set set set setting sets
Shed shed shed shedding sheds
Shut shut shut shutting shuts
Spread spread spread spreading spreads
Thrust thrust thrust thrusting thrusts
Quit quit quit quitting quits
* Read Study Study Read Magazine,
newspaper
CONFUSING PAIR
1. Bear bore born
Bear bore borne
2. Fall fell fallen
Fell felled felled
3. Find found found
Found founded founded
4. Grind ground ground
Ground grounded grounded
5. Hang hanged hanged
Hang hung hung
6. Lie lied lied
Lie lay lain
Lay laid laid
{kSfrt j[kuk
U;kSNkoj djuk
(Horizontally)
Hens lay eggs
7. Rend rent rent
Rent rented rented
8. Rise rose risen
Raise raised raised
Raze razed razed
9. See saw seen
Saw sawed sawed/sawn
10. Wind wound wound
Wound wounded wounded
11. Fly flew flown
Flow flowed flowed
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 18 Plinth to Paramount
1.
Noun Verb
Practice Practise
2.
N ou n V erb
A d vice A d vise
3.
Verb Noun
Complain Complaint
4.
Verb Noun/ Verb
Affect Effect
5.
Verb Verb Verb
Assure Ensure Insure
6.
V erb Verb
Hear Listen
7.
Verb Noun
Heal Heel
8.
Verb Verb
Prescribe Proscribe
9.
Verb Verb Adj.
Adopt Adapt Adept
10.
Verb Verb
Allude Elude
11.
Verb Verb
Amend Emend
12. V2 & V3 form of buy V2 & V3 form of bring
Bought Brought
13.
Verb Verb
Compose Comprise
14.
Verb Verb
Deface Efface
15.
Verb Verb
Deprecate Depreciate
16.
Verb Noun
Envelop Envelope
17.
Verb Verb
Excite Incite
18.
Verb Verb
Flout Flaunt
19.
Verb Noun
Hoard Horde
20.
Verb Adj.
Loathe Loath
VERBS CONFUED WITH VERB/ NOUN/ ADJECTIVE
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from Plinth to Paramount 19
21.
Verb Noun Adj.
Lose Loss Loose
22. Verb Verb
Mitigate Militate
23.
Verb Noun
Pour Pore
24.
Verb Verb
Proceed Precede
25.
Verb Verb Noun
Pray Prey
26.
Verb Noun Noun
Rout Route Root
27.
Verb Verb
Censure Censor
28.
Noun/Verb Verb
Wave Waive
(N) (V)
29.
Verb Noun Verb
Tow Toe Tiptoe
30.
Noun Noun Verb
Site Sight Cite
31.
Verb Verb
Defuse Diffuse
32.
Noun Verb Noun
Desert Dessert
Meals sweet
dish
33.
Verb Adj Noun
Sever Severe Sewer
34.
Verb Verb/Noun Verb Verb Verb/Noun Verb/Noun Noun
See Look Stare Peep Glare / Glower Glance Glimpse
(V) (V) (V) (V)
Appearance(N) (V) (N) (N) (N)
35.
Adj Noun Verb Verb Noun
Light Burn
36.
Verb/Noun Verb/Noun
Catch Hold
(V) (V)
(N) (N)
SSCMANIA.COM
Verb (Basic)
English – from 20 Plinth to Paramount
37.
Verb Noun
Canvass Canvas
38.
Verb Verb Verb
Refuse Deny / Re fute Decline
39.
Verb Noun/Verb
Peddle Pedal
(N), Pedal (V)
40.
Verb/Noun Verb/Noun
Ride Drive
(N) (V) (N) (V)
41.
Verb N Conj. Adj.
Wither Weather Whether Whither
Where
('Whether ... or' Co-relative
42.
Verb Verb
Sink Drown
43.
Verb Verb
Cease Seize
44.
Verb Verb
Invent Discover
vc uhps fn, x;s okD;ksa esa mijksDr 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx ns[ksa&
1. The servant
hanged
hung the picture on the wall
2. Lay your books aside and
Comments
Post a Comment